Global Plastic Trade Surges to $1.13 Trillion, but Most Ends as Waste in Poor Nations

A new global trade report has revealed that international plastics trade reached $1.13 trillion in 2023, more than doubling in value over the past 20 years. However, the environmental toll is growing, with 75% of all plastic ever produced now ending up as waste—much of it burdening developing nations.

The report highlights the deep integration of plastics into global supply chains, from raw materials to finished goods. In 2023 alone, over 323 million metric tons of plastic were traded internationally, with 78% of production involved in cross-border transactions.

While plastics remain essential across industries, their environmental impact has become a critical issue. Coastal developing countries and small island nations bear a significant portion of the waste problem, despite contributing little to its creation.

Alternative materials such as paper, glass, aluminum, bamboo, and seaweed are being promoted as more sustainable options. Although biodegradable and compostable plastics currently make up just 1.5% of global production, their potential for reducing environmental harm—particularly in emerging economies—is notable.

The report calls for urgent international cooperation, recommending the formation of a global treaty on plastics. This proposed treaty would align trade and environmental policies, harnessing digital customs systems and investment tools to support a fair and effective transition toward lower plastic usage.

As part of local efforts to address plastic waste, Lagos State in Nigeria has commenced full enforcement of a ban on single-use plastics. As of July 1, shops and markets found storing or distributing items such as Styrofoam, plastic straws, nylon bags, or disposable cutlery face closure and legal penalties.

State officials said the ban aims to protect public health and preserve the environment, pledging strict enforcement under environmental protection laws.